Poland's Energy Transition from 2015 to 2020 in the International Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/PG.2023.66.4.01Keywords:
energy transition, energy policies, composite indicators, comparative analysisAbstract
Objective: This paper discusses a new composite indicator illustrating Poland’s energy transition from 2015 to 2020. Specifically, it addresses the following research questions: 1. How did energy transition in Poland evolve between 2015 and 2020?; 2. How did Poland’s energy transition efforts compare with those of the other EU countries before the energy crisis?; 3. What internal factors limited Poland’s capacity for energy transition between 2015 and 2020?
Research Design & Methods: The analysis is based on existing data for 2015‒2020 downloaded from the Eurostat database. Selected indicators were divided into four categories and normalised, as well as stimulants and destimulants were determined to obtain composite indicators for individual countries.
Findings: 1. For 2020, Poland had the lowest score (‒26.92) among 22 EU countries on the new indicator. 2. From 2015 to 2019, Poland ranked among the bottom three EU countries. 3. The structure of the energy mix had the greatest impact on the indicator.
Implications/Recommendations: The composite indicator developed for the purpose of this study makes it easier to compare the energy transition process across the EU countries and demonstrates in which areas specific economies perform better or worse.
Contribution/Value Added: The new indicator offers a somewhat different perspective on energy transition in the EU. Unlike other composite indicators in the literature, it focuses on four key areas of energy transition, i.e. economy, energy mix, energy prices, and import dependency.
Article classification: research article
JEL classification: Q43, Q48
Downloads
References
Białynicki-Birula, P., Makieła, K., & Mamica, Ł. (2022). Energy Literacy and Its Determinants among Students within the Context of Public Intervention in Poland. Energies, 15(15), 5368. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155368
Brauers, H., & Oei, P.-Y. (2020). The political economy of coal in Poland: Drivers and barriers for a shift away from fossil fuels. Energy Policy, 144, 111621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111621
Brodny, J., Tutak, M., & Saki, S. A. (2020). Forecasting the Structure of Energy Production from Renewable Energy Sources and Biofuels in Poland. Energies, 13(10), 2539. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102539
Ciuła, R., Gajkowski, J., Kowalak, T., Grochowski, K., Kalinowski, K., Krzyżanowska, A., Sulej, A., & Wiśniewski, K. (2023). Rynek fotowoltaiki w Polsce. Available at: https://raporty-branzowe.cire.pl/files/portal/186/news/334162/cbf06a97d3d51dc783b5eda66ea6123a2e01638301db91fb316f383b-7b3511ab.pdf [accessed: 15.04.2023].
Dolega, W. (2018). Energy efficiency—Case study Poland. 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/IMITEL.2018.8370463
Dolfsma, W., & Mamica, Ł. (2020). Industrial Policy—An Institutional Economic Framework for Assessment. Journal of Economic Issues, 54(2), 349–355. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2020.1743143
Juszczyk, O., & Shakeel, S. R. (2020). Comparative Analysis of Barriers for Renewable Energy Technologies Diffusion in Finland and Poland. In J. I. Kantola, S. Nazir, & V. Salminen (Eds.), Advances in human factors, business management and leadership. Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, and Human Factors in Management and Leadership, July 16–20, 2020, USA (Vol. 1209, pp. 269–275). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50791-6_34
Kalda, G. (2013). Perspektywy rozwoju energetyki wiatrowej w Polsce do 2020 roku. Available at: https://scholar.archive.org/work/tt3ihiktfzdwtmvgwplcybycta/access/wayback/http://doi.prz.edu.pl/pl/pdf/biis/68 [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Kampas, A., Rozakis, S., Faber, A., & Mamica, Ł. (2021). Assessing the Green Growth Trajectory throughResource and Impact Decoupling Indices: The Case of Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(3), 2573–2587. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/128585
Kochanek, E. (2021). The Energy Transition in the Visegrad Group Countries. Energies, 14(8), 2212. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082212
Kopeć, S., & Lach, Ł. (2021). Jak mierzyć postępy transformacji energetycznej? Energetyka Rozproszona. https://doi.org/10.7494/er.2021.5-6.133
Król, M., & Gomola, A. (2022). How to Reduce Low-Stack Emissions? An Assessment of the Willingness of Residents of Single-Family Houses to Replace Fossil Fuel Heating Systems. Journal Public Governance, 2(60)/2022, 48–63. https://doi.org/10.15678/PG.2022.60.2.04
Luty, L., & Zioło, M. (2023). Differentiation of climate and energy policy in the countries of the European Union. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series, 2023(166), 505–517. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.166.32
Mamica, Ł., Mazur-Bubak, M., & Wróbel-Rotter, R. (2022). Can Biogas Plants Become a Significant Part of the New Polish Energy Deal? Business Opportunities for Poland’s Biogas Industry. Sustainability, 14(3), 1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031614
Marks-Bielska, R., Bielski, S., Pik, K., & Kurowska, K. (2020). The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland’s Energy Mix. Energies, 13(18), 4624. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184624
Ministerstwo Gospodarki (2009). Polityka energetyczna Polski do 2030 roku.
Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska, M. (2022). Paradygmat prosumenta wobec aktualnych wyzwań transformacji energetycznej. Folia Iuridica Universitatis Wratislaviensis, 11(2), 84–101. https://doi.org/10.34616/145039
Olkuski, T., & Grudziński, Z. (2019). Polityka energetyczna Polski–nowe wyzwania. Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN.
Orlen Synthos Green Energy. (2024). Małe reaktory modułowe dla Polski. Available at: https://osge.com/ [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Polish Member Committee of the World Energy Council. (2014). Energy sector of the world and Poland Beginnings, Development, Present state second edition, updated. World Energy Council. Available at: https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/images/imported/2014/12/Energy_Sector_of_the_world_and_Poland_EN.pdf [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Rabe, M., Streimikiene, D., & Bilan, Y. (2020). Model of Optimization of Wind Energy Production in the Light of Legal Changes in Poland. Energies, 13(7), 1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071557
REA (2022). Energy Transition Readiness Report 2022. Available at: https://www.r-e-a.net/resources/etri-2022-energy-transition-readiness-index-report/ [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Rozakis, S., Bartoli, A., Dach, J., Jędrejek, A., Kowalczyk-Juśko, A., Mamica, Ł., Pochwatka, P., Pudelko, R., & Shu, K. (2021). Policy Impact on Regional Biogas Using a Modular Modeling Tool. Energies, 14(13), 3738. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133738
Sawicki, Ł., & Horbaczewska, B. (2021). Role of the state in implementation of strategic investment projects: The SaHo Model for nuclear power. International Journal of Management and Economics, 57(4), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2021-0020
Sobczyk, W., & Sobczyk, E. J. (2021). Varying the Energy Mix in the EU-28 and in Poland as a Step towards Sustainable Development. Energies, 14(5), 1502. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051502
Soliński, I., Soliński, B., & Solińska, M. (2008). Rola i znaczenie energetyki wiatrowej w sektorze energetyki odnawialnej. Available at: https://se.min-pan.krakow.pl/pelne_teksty22/czi/k22_solinski_z.pdf [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Soliński, J., & Gawlik, L. (2012). Rys historyczny, rozwój i stan obecny światowego i polskiego sektora energii. Energetyka, 3–4, 142–149. Available at: https://elektroenergetyka.pl/upload/file/2012/3-4/Solinski.pdf [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Szczepańska, S. (2021). Czkawka 10H (1–nr 5-6(81)/2021). Nowa Energia. Available at: https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2080427.pdf [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Uchwała Nr 215/2022 Rady Ministrów z Dnia 2 Listopada 2022 r. w Sprawie Budowy Wielkoskalowych Elektrowni Jądrowych w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (2022). Available at: https://monitorpolski.gov.pl/MP/2022/1124 [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Ustawa z Dnia 29 Października 2021 r. o Zmianie Ustawy o Odnawialnych Źródłach Energii Oraz Niektórych Innych Ustaw (2021). Available at: https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20210002376/U/D20212376Lj.pdf [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Widuto, A. (2023). Revision of the Renewable Energy Directive: Fit for 55 package. European Parliament: Strasbourg, France.
Wiśniewski, G. (2020). Projekty wiatrowe w Polsce a ustawa 10H. Elektroinstalator, nr 10. Available at: https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-8c42cfc0-04b1-470d-96bfd45a168b2423 [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Wójcik-Jurkiewicz, M., Czarnecka, M., Kinelski, G., Sadowska, B., & Bilińska-Reformat, K. (2021). Determinants of Decarbonisation in the Transformation of the Energy Sector: The Case of Poland. Energies, 14(5), 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051217
World Economic Forum (2020). Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2020 edition. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/publications/fostering-effective-energy-transition-2020/ [accessed: 15.03.2023].
World Economic Forum (2023). Fostering Effective Energy Transition 2023 Edition. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/publications/fostering-effective-energy-transition-2023/ [accessed: 15.03.2023].
World Energy Council (2020). World Energy Trilemma Index 2020 Report. Available at: https://www.worldenergy.org/publications/entry/world-energy-trilemma-index-2020 [accessed: 15.03.2023].
World Energy Council (2022). World Energy Trilemma Index 2022. Available at: https://www.worldenergy.org/publications/entry/world-energy-trilemma-index-2022 [accessed: 15.03.2023].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Public Governance
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Open Access, licence: CC-BY 4.0
